Electrical design of residential, commercial and industrial buildings
The foremost principle in any design is the safety of lives and property.
Planning and implementing a safe and efficient electrical system for residential, commercial, and industrial buildings is crucial. The design should align with the customer’s needs while prioritizing safety and efficiency. The design can be either classical or modern (domotic), with the option for internet connectivity or without.
1- Calculation of Electrical Load:
- Determine the total electrical load, considering lighting, outlets, appliances, and special needs.
- Calculate the expected load for each room and the entire place.
2- Electrical Panel Location:
- Choose a central location for the main electrical panel (distribution panel) in the place.
- Ensure easy access and enough space for future expansion.
3- Circuit Planning:
- Divide the place into different circuits based on function and load needs (e.g., lighting circuits, kitchen circuits, room circuits).
- Avoid overloading circuits to prevent tripping of the breakers.
4- Wiring Diagram:
- Plan the routes of electric wires inside the walls and ceilings, considering short and efficient paths.
- Use suitable conduits and cable trays to protect the wiring.
5- Outlets and Switches:
- Determine the number and location of outlets and switches in each room.
- Ensure the safety of household appliances by installing outlets in a secure manner.
6- Lighting Design:
- Check the location plan and type of lighting devices in each room.
- Consider using high-efficiency LED lighting.
- Separate circuits for general lighting and task lighting may be beneficial.
7- Kitchen and Bathroom Requirements:
- Install ground-fault circuit breakers (GFCI) in kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoor areas.
- Provide dedicated circuits for kitchen appliances.
8- Safety Measures:
- Install smoke detectors in appropriate places.
- Use Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCI) for added safety.
